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12 May 2016
為什麼我的孩子會有濕疹?
註冊中醫師 彭明慧
中醫認為濕疹是與機體的變態反應有較密切的關係,往往存在家族性過敏體質的傾向,亦即是說患者常是先天性過敏體質,約有3/4的患者父母雙方或單方有過敏性疾病病史。
濕疹可發生於任何部位,以顔面及四肢多見,任何年齡人士皆可發病。中醫稱嬰兒濕疹為奶癬,通常在出生後第二或第三個月開始發生。好發於顔面及皮膚皺褶部,也可累及全身。
中醫按病變的表現和發病緩急分爲急性、亞急性和慢性三期:
急性濕疹
急性濕疹屬於濕盛熱重型。皮疹有多形性及對稱性分佈特點,即紅斑、丘疹、水皰常同時存在。初發時,皮膚上先有彌漫性紅斑和粟粒大的丘疹及丘皰疹,基底有輕度水腫。丘疹或丘皰疹很快發展爲小水皰,皰破後有點狀滲也及小片糜爛。孩子常見發熱心煩、口乾口苦及大便乾涸。
亞急性濕疹
亞急性濕疹屬於脾虛濕蘊型。急性期的水皰及滲液明顯減少或消失,紅斑顔色轉暗,殘存的丘疹、丘皰疹及小片糜爛間可見脫屑及結痂。患者常見疲乏倦怠、胃口差、腹脹及大便爛等情況。
慢性濕疹
慢性濕疹屬於血虛風燥型。皮損呈限局性肥厚、浸潤、苔蘚樣變,伴色素沈著。肥厚性斑片上常有抓痕、血痂,有時周圍有少數小丘疹或丘皰疹及點狀滲液,搔癢感劇烈,尤以晚間更甚。
既然知道了不同的症型後,那又該如何作出治療及護理呢?中醫認為皮膚病不是治皮膚的,而是替患者健脾去濕、調理氣血,強壯體質以去面對內外之邪。
幼童常見的濕疹以脾虛濕蘊型多見,日常可多飲用【參薏健脾湯】:
太子參12g、生薏米20g、土茯苓15g、白術10g、准山20g、茵陳6g、燈心草10g、龜板15g、陳皮1片、瘦肉適量
六個月以下嬰兒暫不建議內服中藥,可嘗試用外洗敷塗的方法舒緩不適的情況。外用藥可選用【濕疹浸洗包】 及【御方紫雲膏】。【濕疹浸洗包】 成分為具清熱收斂,去風止癢功效的中藥研末如黃柏、黃芩、大黃、苦參、金銀花、蛇床子、爐金石等。而【御方紫雲膏】則源自明代陳實功的《外科正宗》,御方成份為當歸、紅條紫草、冰片、地榆、青黛、忍冬籐、冷壓黑麻油及天然黃蜂蠟等,具抗炎殺菌,潤燥止癢的功效。
此外,濕疹的情況亦會受情緒的變化而轉變。小朋友往往因為皮膚上出現的血痕和粗糙脫屑的皮相而影響其與其他小朋友相處時的自信心,這是父母們必須留意的要點,父母們悉心的關懷和快樂的生活亦是治療濕疹的一道良好處方。
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